This report examines foreign information manipulation and interference (FIMI) during Georgia’s 2025 municipal elections and Moldova’s 2025 parliamentary elections. It explores how disinformation, propaganda and covert influence operations undermine trust in democratic institutions, deepen social divisions and shape electoral environments.

The research focuses on digital platforms, national media ecosystems and emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence. Through comparative analysis, it identifies common patterns of Russian interference and examines how these tactics exploit each country’s specific vulnerabilities.

Drawing on Ukraine’s experience of countering Russian information aggression since 2014, particularly following the full-scale invasion in 2022, the report highlights lessons in democratic resilience and cooperation among public institutions, civil society, independent media and international partners. It also considers how insights from Georgia and Moldova can inform preparations for Ukraine’s future elections.

The report provides evidence-based recommendations for policymakers, civil society, media and international partners to strengthen resilience against foreign information interference and protect democratic processes.